Differentiating Between High and Low Performers with Tight Merit Budget

In an ideal world, every high-performing employee would receive a substantial merit increase as a clear recognition of their contributions. However, when merit budgets are restricted—such as this year’s 3.5-3.7% average increase—organizations must make critical decisions about how to differentiate effectively between high and low performers. WorldatWork: 2026 Salary Increase Budgets Project U.S., Global Caution | WorldatWork Failing to do so can lead to disengagement, turnover among top talent, and a culture that doesn’t reward excellence.

Here’s how to approach performance differentiation when merit budgets are tight:

  1. Anchor the Process in Data, Not Perception

Objective performance management is the foundation for effective differentiation. When budgets are constrained, every decision must be justifiable.

  • Use metrics-based evaluations tied to business outcomes, KPIs, and goals. Metrics-based Approach |
  • Evaluate both what was achieved (results) and how it was achieved (behaviors aligned with company values).
  • Calibrate performance ratings across departments to ensure consistency and fairness.
  1. Segment the Workforce by Contribution

A simple but effective framework involves classifying employees into three broad tiers:

  • Top Performers (10–20%): Consistently exceed expectations, contribute to innovation, and help others perform better.
  • Solid Contributors (60–70%): Dependable, consistent, and aligned with role expectations.
  • Low Performers (10–20%): Require support or intervention to meet minimum performance expectations.

With a 3.5% merit budget, the average increase might look like this:

  • Top Performers: 5.0%–6.0%
  • Solid Contributors: 2.5%–3.0%
  • Low Performers: 0%–1.0% (or no increase)

This tiered approach clearly rewards exceptional performance and sends a strong message about the value of excellence.

  1. Go Beyond the Numbers: Consider Impact and Influence

Quantitative results are critical, but qualitative impact matters too.

  • Does the employee mentor others, improve team dynamics, or drive change?
  • Are they critical to key initiatives or known for solving high-value problems?
  • Have they elevated standards for their peers or improved processes?

Top performers often create a multiplier effect—rewarding that impact, even with a small budget, helps retain that value.

  1. Communicate the Why Clearly

One of the biggest mistakes companies make is failing to explain how merit decisions were made. How to Communicate a Raise to an Employee

  • For top performers, reinforce why they received a differentiated increase.
  • For solid contributors, affirm their value and what’s needed to reach the next level.
  • For low performers, provide candid feedback and a plan for improvement.

When people understand the rationale, they are more likely to trust the process—even if the raise itself isn’t significant.

  1. Supplement with Non-Monetary Recognition

When merit dollars are tight, compensate with meaningful non-financial rewards:

  • Career development opportunities
  • Leadership visibility
  • Special projects or stretch assignments
  • Public recognition or awards
  • Increased autonomy

These signals reinforce that high performance is valued, even beyond compensation. 21 Perfect Non-Monetary Incentives To Reward Your Employees

  1. Build Manager Capability

The success of differentiation relies heavily on managers. They must:

  • Set clear goals at the beginning of the cycle
  • Provide regular feedback, not just once a year
  • Accurately document and advocate for employee performance
  • Handle difficult conversations with empathy and clarity

Investing in manager training ensures performance ratings and merit allocations are fair, calibrated, and defensible.

Conclusion

With only 3.5% to distribute, it’s not possible to give everyone a meaningful raise. But that’s exactly why differentiation is essential. By using data-driven evaluations, segmenting by contribution, communicating transparently, and reinforcing with non-monetary rewards, organizations can create a merit process that is fair, motivating, and strategically aligned—despite tight budgets. In doing so, you not only retain your top talent—you strengthen your performance culture as a whole.